AT&T History
- 1879: Founded Bell Telephone Co.
- 1880: Renamed to American Bell Telephone Co.
- 1885: Founded American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T)
- 1899: AT&T bought assets of American Bell Telephone Co.
- 1918: US Govt. nationalized entire telecommunications industry, with national security as the stated intent.
- 1934: 1934 Telecommunications Act
- Public utility commissions regulated intrastate service while . . .
- Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulated interstate service.
- AT&T also controlled 22 Bell Operating Companies which provided local telephone service to most of the US.
- 1982-1984: settlement of US v. AT&T, a 1974 US DOJ antitrust suit; divested into 9 Regional Bell Operating Cos. (RBOCs):
- Ameritech
- Bell Atlantic
- BellSouth
- Cincinnati Bell
- NYNEX
- Pacific Telesis
- Southwestern Bell
- Southern New England Telephone (SNET)
- US West
- 1994: AT&T purchased McCaw Cellular, for $11.5 billion
- 1996: 1996 Telecommunications Act (TCA) and equal access regs to allow other LD phone cos. to access wireline networks at non-discriminatory rates
- 2001: AT&T spun off AT&T Wireless as a private co. in world’s largest IPO
- 2001: AT&T spun off AT&T Broadband which was subsequently acquired by Comcast
- 2001: AT&T Wireless merged with Cingular Wireless operating as Cingular
- 2004: U.S. Govt. closed equal access for LD phone cos. to access the wireline networks at non-discriminatory rates
- 2007: Cingular renamed to AT&T Mobility
Three Remaining Baby Bells
LEC = Local Exchange Carrier
1. AT&T Inc., (formerly Southwestern Bell Corp.), a holding company
- Subsidiary AT&T Corp.
- Subsidiary AT&T Teleholdings, Inc. (former RBOCs Ameritech and Pacific Telesis)
- LEC Illinois Bell
- LEC Indiana Bell
- LEC Michigan Bell
- LEC Pacific Bell
- LEC Nevada Bell
- LEC Ohio Bell
- LEC Wisconsin Bell
- Subsidiary BellSouth (former RBOCs BellSouth and Southwestwern Bell)
- LEC BellSouth (including Southern Bell & South Central Bell)
- LEC Southwestern Bell
- Subsidiary AT&T Mobility
- Many other Subsidiaries not listed
2. Verizon Communications Inc., a holding company
- Subsidiary NYNEX LLC (former RBOC NYNEX)
- LEC Verizon-New England (Verizon-NE)
- LEC Verizon-New York (Verizon-NY)
- LEC Verizon-Delaware (Verizon-DL)
- LEC Verizon-Maryland (Verizon-MD)
- LEC Verizon-New Jersey (Verizon-NJ)
- LEC Verizon-Pennsylvania (Verizon-PA)
- LEC Verizon-Washington, DC (Verizon-DC)
- LEC Verizon-Virginia (Verizon-VA)
- Subsidiary Verizon Wireless
- Many other Subsidiaries not listed
3. CenturyLink, Inc., a holding company
- Subsidiary Qwest Communications International, Inc., a holding company (acquired and merged with US WEST in 2000)
- Subsidiary Qwest Services Corporation, a holding company
- LEC Qwest Corp., (formerly Mountain Bell, Northwestern Bell, Pacific Northwest Bell)
Other Independent Bell Operating Companies
1. Cincinnati Bell, Inc., a holding company
- LEC Cincinnati Bell Telephone Company LLC
- Note: AT&T owned 27.8% before 1984; was left separate in the 1984 break-up
2. Consolidated Communications Holdings, Inc., a holding company
- LEC FairPoint Communications, Inc., holding company sold to Consolidated in 2017
- LEC Northern New England Telephone Operations LLC. (formed when Verizon-NE sold lines in Maine and New Hampshire in 2008)
- LEC Telephone Operating Company of Vermont LLC, (formed when Verizon-NE sold lines in Vermont in 2008)
3. Frontier Communications Corp., a holding company
- Frontier Communications ILEC Holdings, Inc., holding company (created by Verizon and sold to Frontier in 2010)
- LEC Frontier West Virginia, Inc., (formerly C&P Telephone of West Virginia)
4. LEC Southern New England Telephone Company,
- Note: AT&T owned 16.8% before 1984; was left separate in the 1984 break-up